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CATALOGUE OF POSITIVE
ACTIONS European Charter for Women in the City 1995 |
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THEME G : Women in South countries
58. WOMEN AND UNITED NATIONS Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year 2000
DESCRIPTION • Women, as income-earners, home-makers and heads of households, have a crucial role as contributors to the solution of human settlements problems, which should be fully recognized and reflected in equal participation of women in the elaboration of housing policies, programmes and projects. The report is presented in three parts. The Introduction outlines the general process followed by UNCHS to define and create awareness of women's shelter issues. Part One presents highlights of findings and required actions identified during 1988-1989 at five regional seminars organized by the UNCHS and funded by the Governments of the Netherlands and Norway. Part Two presents the strategy or plan of action which was developed and recommended by the Interregional Seminar to Promote the Full Participation of Women in all Phases of the Global Strategy for Shelter to the year 2000, held at Nairobi, from 4 to 8 December 1989.
59. SHELTER, WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT International Seminar - 1992 - United States
DESCRIPTION Remarking that the literature on the specific topic of shelter and women's development was not extensive and work encompassing First and Third World situations was virtually non-existent, and seeing that there was interest for this topic, Ms Hemalata C. Dandekar and her students organised an international conference on the subject. Nine themes were eventually addressed in some fifty-five presentations. 1. shelter policy: implications for women's development 2. the structure of legal interventions 3. shelter and women in crisis 4. women's participation in the production of shelters 5. shelter and income opportunities 6. women and shelter-related services and infrastructure 7. non-traditional living arrangements: beyond the nuclear family 8. design and the creation of shelter for women 9. shelter options for elderly women. These themes outline an approach to thinking about shelter, its meaning in women's lives, and the manner of its provision. The case studies presented provide examples of how the access to shelter and its appropriateness in tangible, physical terms, has significant implications for the well-being and development of women. The papers seek to make a positive contribution in identifying the various parameters of the global need of women for shelter and to finding creative solutions that facilitate women's development.
60. GENDER, URBANIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT International Seminar - 1994 - Kenya
DESCRIPTION • The seminar was the result of a two-year preparatory consultation and work program organized by Research Committee 43 of the International Sociological Association (ISA). It was structured in three days of discussions of papers, followed by a one-day working session for developing a research and policy agenda. The outcome was a document which will be used in the deliberations of the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, and the Habitat II conference in Istanbul in 1996.
61. WOMEN AND SHELTER NETWORK
DESCRIPTION The Women and Shelter Network, which has its headquarters at theMazingira Institute, Nairobi, promotes actions for women and shelter issues from grassroots to international level by means of a newsletter, organising exchanges, meetings, conferences and other relevant activities. The various organizations participating in the network carry out their own activities independently or collectively depending on their needs. Initiative Centres are NGOs active in supporting women and shelter activities in their own regions. Each group of Initiative Centre organisations appoint one Reference Centre. This organisation ensures their activities are linked to the network internationally and represents them in the HIC Woman and Shelter Group.
62. WOMEN AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT A publication of the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat)
DESCRIPTION • The focus has been placed on shelter issues and urban areas, both because women's contribution to urban settlements is unappreciated and because the problems faced by the increasing numbers of the urban poor cannot be solved without the full participation of women. Issues which lend themselves to policy analysis and intervention are given greater emphasis in order to create policy awareness to women's issues and to demonstrate that a women-friendly approach to development need not cause conflict and competition over scarce resources; rather, it constitutes an effort to mobilize society at large to take part in the solutions of settlements problems. Main sections of the publication deal with background literature, the impact of housing policy on women, the access of women to land, the access of women to housing finance, the participation of women in the construction sector, and the involvement of women in grassroots efforts and low-income shelter projects.
63. THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE EXECUTION OF LOW-INCOME HOUSING PROJECTS Training module
DESCRIPTION • The course paper, for distribution to trainees, describes various aspects of the participation of women in low-income housing projects. Each chapter corresponds to a separate phase of project execution and includes: 1) a discussion of the reasons for women's participation; 2) an outline of constraints to women's participation; 3) a discussion of the implications of including or excluding women from participation in the project; 4) recommendations on how to ensure participation of women in project execution. Case studies and examples showing women's participation in sites-and-services schemes and squatter-settlement upgrading projects are drawn from various parts of the world, with the intention of illustrating the diversity of cultural variations globally. The course consists of ten chapters concerning: formulating eligibility criteria; recruitment of beneficiaries; settlement planning; planning infrastructure; planning dwellings; financing housing; women and house construction; self-help building and contractors; project maintenance; cost recovery. Each chapter ends with fieldwork assignments and questions for discussion.
64. BUILDING-RELATED INCOME GENERATION FOR WOMEN A report of the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat)
DESCRIPTION (Français-French) • Dans la plupart des pays, le secteur de la construction est traditionnellement dominé par les hommes, et les femmes ont des difficultés considérables à avoir accès à la formation et à obtenir des emplois qualifiés. Particulièrement dans les pays en voie de développement, les femmes sont généralement reléguées dans les emplois les moins bien payés et elles subissent de sévères discriminations lorsqu'elles s'efforcent d'améliorer leur position. Pourtant, dans les pays où les femmes ont obtenu la possibilité de concourir sur un pied d'égalité avec les hommes, elles ont démontré que leur travail est aussi bon que celui de n'importe quel artisan, et qu'elles sont capables d'entreprendre la plupart des tâches effectuées par leurs homologues masculins. La première partie du rapport examine tout d'abord séparément l'emploi des femmes et le secteur de la construction, puis l'emploi des femmes dans le secteur de la construction. La deuxième partie expose des stratégies et des programmes visant à augmenter la participation des femmes dans le domaine de la construction.
DESCRIPTION (English) • In most countries, the building industry has traditionally been male-dominated, and women have considerable difficulty in gaining access to trade training and in obtaining skilled jobs. Particularly in developing countries, women are usually limited to the poorest-paid tasks, and they are severely discriminated against in attempts to improve their status. Yet, in the countries where women have been given the opportunity to compete on an equal footing, they have shown that their work is as good as that of any tradesmen and that they are capable of undertaking most of the tasks performed by their male counterparts. The first part of the report deals with women's employment, the building sector, and the employment of women in the building sector. The second part reveals strategies and programmes for increasing women's participation in the construction sector.
65. A MASTER PLAN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF WOMEN The example of Santo André (São Paulo - Brazil) UN PLAN DIRECTEUR DU POINT DE VUE DES FEMMES Le cas de Santo André (São Paulo - Brésil)
DESCRIPTION (Français-French) - Les services municipaux doivent s'appuyer sur des politiques combattant toute discrimination et visant à une meilleure qualité de vie pour la population féminine en particulier; - Les pouvoirs publics doivent favoriser une meilleure socialisation du travail domestique par la création d'équipements collectifs: centres de santé, lavoirs, cuisines communautaires, internats; - La municipalité doit susciter des mesures incitatives orientées vers les femmes pour la création d'emplois (sur le plan fiscal, financier et technique) et le développement de petites et moyennes entreprises; - Une banque de données sur les femmes doit être établie à l'échelle de la municipalité; - La participation des femmes dans l'élaboration et la gestion des programmes d'équipements publics doit être garantie; - Les programmes municipaux d'habitation répondront en priorité aux demandes des femmes chefs de famille et en particulier à celles qui n'ont pas accès aux aides conventionnelles; - La municipalité devra: améliorer l'éclairage des espaces publics et des zones dangereuses en priorité, revitaliser les locaux autour des gares et dans les centres des quartiers par la diversification des activités qui génèrent des passages de personnes en dehors des horaires des commerces; - Des zones vertes devront être aménagées dans chaque quartier, ceux-ci doivent être appropriés aux femmes et aux mères avec des bébés; - Les informations et les statistiques seront différenciées par sexe pour faciliter la réalisation de la banque de données.
DESCRIPTION (English) - All municipal services must support policies against discriminations of all kinds and for a Aetter quality of life, particularly for women - Authorities must promote improved socialised domestic chores through collective structures : health care centres, wash-houses, collective kitchens and boarding schools. - The municipality must develop fiscal, financial and technical measures in favour of women for creating employment and developing small and medium concerns. - A database about and for women must be created at municipal level. - Women's participation in the development and management of community facilities must be secured. - Municipal housing programmes will consider as priority matters the needs of women at the heads of families and particularly those who do not receive regular benefit. - The municipality must improve public lighting and particularly danger areas, revitalise buildings around stations and city centres by diversifying activities which will help guard against deserted areas after office hours. - Green areas designed for women and small children will have to be created in each neighbourhood. - Information and statistics will be gender-related for convenient database set-up.
66. WOMEN IN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME WHSDP - UNCHS
DESCRIPTION The mission of the WHSDP is to facilate UNCHS (Habitat) fulfillment of its mandate: a) to promote women's equal participation in the Global Strategy for Shelter (GSS) and all human settlements development; and b) to ensure that all of UNCHS (Habitat) programmes, projects and activities clearly contain a gender perspective. ACTIVITIES The activities of the WHSDP are mandated by various UN General Assembly resolutions as well as from women's organizations, CBOs and NGOs, especially from the South, who are actively involved in the struggle for a better living and working environment for all people. POLICY FORMULATION & DEVELOPMENT Through dialogue with the different divisions and sections of Habitat, a comprehensive policy and action plan is being elaborated. This policy and action plan should be in place by the end of 1995. CAPACITY BUILDING • Training of men and women in Habitat, within local and national governments as well as CBOs and NGOs in gender-aware approaches to human settlements development; • Training of women in the human settlements field in managerial and abvocacy skills. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING MATERIALS • Publication of the Comprehensive Policy and Action Plan for ensuring a gender perspective within UNCHS (Habitat); • Manual on the base-line survey for measuring women's participation within their human settlements and the methodology for arriving at the key indicators (part of the Indicators process); • Manual on the base-line survey for measuring women's participation within their human settlements and the methodology for arriving at the key indicators (part of the Indicators Process); • Women and Sustainable Development (audio/visual, Asia specific); • The Gendered City, discussion paper for Habitat II; • Women-Heading Households, case-studies from three different countries; • Women on Decision-making levels of Human Settlements Development (video and manual); • Gender-awareness in human settlements development training manual. NETWORKING • Support for HIC: Women and Shelter Network; • Participation in the inter-agency meetings on WID/GAD issues; • Dialogue with research institutions, environmental and peoples organizations, housing federations, development agencies, in order to assure the continued relevance of the work programme. OUTPUTS The outputs are country or regional specific and have been asked for by the activities or practitioners themselves. Video, cassette forum, posters, and simple, visual manuals are being produced, in the languages of the countries or regions demanding the output. All outputs are tested within specific contexts before being finalised for wider dissemination. We are presently working directly with the following countries: In AFRICA: Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia, Senegal and Burundi. In Asia: India, Indonesia, Philippines and Sri Lanka. Western Asia: Jordan. Latin America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador. Caribbean: Costa Rica. FUTURE DIRECTION The WHSDP is moving from a focus on direct implementation, targeting the beneficiaries (men and women in a direct manner), to one which emphasises a catalytic and policy formulating role where the focus is on strengthening the gender competence of the executing agency (field and headquarter staff of UNCHS) in order to better the delivery of programmes, projects and activities to the benefit of the concrete communities or institutions being targeted. UNCHS (Habitat) Publications on Women in Human Settlements Development
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