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CATALOGUE OF POSITIVE
ACTIONS European Charter for Women in the City 1995 |
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THEME B: Women architects
10. WOMEN ARCHITECTS IN THE NETHERLANDS
DESCRIPTION • "Architectes", published by Thoth in Amsterdam in 1990, shows the recent work of 47 women architects in the Netherlands, with 300 illustrations. The architect Hartsbyker has designed a house in which all functional rooms are interchangeable. This means: living throughout the whole house. The traditional patterns of living downstairs and sleeping upstairs has been broken. The spaces are situated in such a way that they provide the privacy needed, yet overlap smoothly with each other.
11. WOMEN ARCHITECTS IN GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES Ideas, Projects and Buildings
DESCRIPTION • The book presents the work of eighty women architects from German-speaking countries. Do women practise a different kind of architecture? This is a ritual and even simplistic and naive question. Another question follows immediately: do we really need a different kind of architecture? The most common prejudices concerning women architects: - consider their nice differences "exotic" and see women as objects and not subjects in architecture - ask them to define these differences before knowing what that could mean - confine them into narrow domains before they can express themselves freely - limit their skills to some specific fields to prevent them from having universal abilities, like men - ask them to show their abilities "because they are different" - use defamatory designations, such as "emancipated", in order to make fun of them - last argument: why not look for common solutions? The question is not to know if women practise a different or even a better kind of architecture, but to enable them to exist as architects and practise good, genuine architecture.
12. WOMEN ARCHITECTS IN ITALY Facts, Problems and Perspectives
DESCRIPTION • Italian architects are now confronted with many problems arising from the current political crisis of the country. However, the proportion of women architects is constantly increasing. The survey analyses the specific problems women architects have to solve, examines their progression in the profession, and gives some examples of successful women architects. National statistics 1980: Status Men Women Total Independent 15,9 4,6 14,3 Official 17,0 9,3 16,1 Employee 24,0 16,3 23,1 Consultant 12,9 18,6 13,6 Collaborator 26,9 44,2 29,1 Others 3,3 7,0 3,8 total 100 100 100
13. WOMEN ARCHITECTS A Contemporary Perspective
DESCRIPTION • The book places on record the achievements, breadth of interest and involvement in all aspects of architecture of four dozen women whose training has lead them to propose a wealth of exciting solutions in widely differing fields. "Are there any leading women architects?" I am happy to report that indeed there are, more in some parts of the world than others, and that the number is growing. "Is it possible to tell whether a building has been designed by a woman or a man? Some women in this book would reply 'No, of course not. The gender of the architect is quite irrelevant.' While strongly maintaining that they should be judged by their architectural work, others would argue that the two sexes have fundamental differences of approach to design, and that women should recognize their own value in what is still predominantly a man's world, and use it consciously in the search for a more humane architecture. In the main body of the book, statements from the architects themselves are interwoven with the author's comments. There is also a small section of statistics at the end which offers the reader the opportunity to make international comparisons, for example: Percentage of women architects: Autstralia: 3%, USA: 5%, Nordic countries: 20% First year women students: Great Britain (1987): 48%, Norway (1988): 64%.
14. FOPA A Feminist Organisation of Architects and Planners in Germany
DESCRIPTION • FOPA is an independent organization and a network of German women planners, architects and social scientists who work to reduce discrimination against women caused by male dominated planning and architecture. As a feminist organization, it promotes a social and ecological town regeneration involving active participation by women, it carries out planning projects, reports, and analysis which put the emphasis on women and involve them actively in the planning process. FOPA carries out practical surveys on planning and emancipation, and advises women's groups which seek to develop planning and construction projects. The association organises specialised exhibitions, provides lecturers for seminars, proposes training courses and workshops. The organization also collects information on the topic "women, planning, building, living" and gives access to its records.
15. MATRIX - Feminist Architectural Cooperative
DESCRIPTION • Matrix est une coopérative architecturale féminine multiraciale et multiculturelle organisée selon des principes non hiérarchiques. Le dialogue et le partage des informations avec les clients constitue l'une des priorités de l'organisation. Bon nombre d'idées sur la manière de travailler avec les clients viennent de l'engagement fondamental de Matrix à inclure les femmes dans la conception et la réalisation des bâtiments. Une autre priorité consiste dans la suppression des obstacles empêchant les personnes handicapées d'avoir accès aux bâtiments. Matrix fournit également des conseils et des avis, organise des cours de dessin technique et publie des livres sur les femmes et l'architecture.
16. BAUFACHFRAU - Women Builders
DESCRIPTION • "Baufachfrau", or "Women Builders", aims at setting up an association for better communication and mutual support between women in the building industry. Baufachfrau promotes general and permanent education for all women employed in thebuilding trade and helps them to improve their status. The association contributes to implementing the principle of equal opportunity as laid down in the German constitution. Women are encouraged and helped: - to assert their interests in their work - to choose an occupation in the building trade - to attend proficiency courses - to create their own businesses - to start an interdisciplinary dialogue with other women in the building industry - to come into personal and professional contact with women in Germany and abroad - to learn more about ecology-related building.
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